LX-57B Lead Glass for Radiation Shielding

LX-57B Radiation Shielding Lead Glass and Saf-T-Lite Radiation Protector™ Glass can be used in any facility which requires protection from x-ray radiation.  The following industries have common aplications for x-ray radiation shields:  

Medical use of Lead Glass:  Lead glass can be used for X-ray observation equipment, electron beam/plasma generators and X-ray TV detectors. Lead glass protects doctors and staff from X-ray irradiation with no glass discoloration or deterioration in viewing quality. Use of the larger size LX windows facilitates remote control of X-ray equipment.

Industrial use of Lead Glass:
Used to protect people from airport luggage inspection equipment in airports, and from radiation testing equipment or radioactive industrial products at industrial sites.

Nuclear use of Lead Glass:
Leaded glass can be used for observation windows at radioactive storage stations, nuclear fuel development and reprocessing plants, and for applications near nuclear reactors.

LX-57B glass can be manufactured curved or flat. 

Thicknesses:  8 mm, 11 mm, and 14 mm.

Custom Sizes:  Any size up to and including 48" x 96" is available.

Stock Sizes:  For cost effectiveness, the following stock sizes are offered: (size in inches)

Custom sizes available, please call for pricing.

Amerope products are made from LX-57B lead glass, and a laminated glass made with  LX-57B called Saf-T-Lite Radiation Protector Shield.   The use of glass over acrylic/plastic for radiation shielding offers the following benefits:

Materials

Glass:  Lead barium type, of high quality optical grade with over 60 percent heavy metal oxide, including at least 55 percent PbO.

Properties 

Sample 8 mm thick LX-57B lead glass:  

Minimum density:	4.36
Refractive index (Nd):	1.71
Thermal expansion coefficient:	80 X 107/0C (30~380 deg C)
Mohs' hardness	6

Lead equivalence chart:

Performance Comparison:  Lead Glass vs. Acrylic/Plastic Sheet

 LX-57B Radiation Shielding Lead Glass

Size and Shape

LX-57B glass can be manufactured curved or flat. 

Thicknesses:  8 mm, 11 mm, and 14 mm.

Custom Sizes:  Any size up to and including 48" x 96" is available.

Stock Sizes:  For cost effectiveness, the following stock sizes are offered: (size in inches)

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A.    This section includes the following:

1. LX-57B Lead glass.

2. Laminated Saf-T-Lite ^TM Shatter Resistant Lead Glass.

3. Portable Saf-T-Lite Radiation Protector ^TM Shields.

4. Fixed Modular Saf-T-Lite Radiation Protector ^TM Shields.

5. Modular Radiation Protection Booths.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Section 08505 - Interior Metal Framed Windows: Glazed Burrow Lites.

B. Section 08210 - Wood doors: Glazed doors.

C. Section 09260 - Lead Lined Gypsum Board Assemblies.

D. Section 10615 - De-mountable Partitions.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

A. Modular Radiation Protection Booth:- Modular Partitions designed to enclose an industrial or medical Radiation Protection work-space; also, capable of being disassembled and reassembled in another location.

B. Lead equivalence: The thickness of lead that provides the same attenuation (reduction of radiation passing through) as the material in question under the specified conditions.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Perform work in accordance with industry safety glazing installation methods.

B. Installer Qualifications: Engage an experienced installer who has successfully completed work using products similar in material, design and extent to the ones specified for this project.

C. Radiologist Report: Obtain from the Owner or Hospital a current copy of their "Radiation Shielding Study Report" and coordinate recommendations with actual work. Notify any discrepancies to the architect for clarification.

1.5 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. Leaded Glass: Unless otherwise indicated, provide lead equivalence equal to or greater than the assemblies in which the glass is installed.

1. Impact Resistance: (1.a) No opening results from impact at 12 inches drop height; as per ANSI Z97. 1-1984 (1.b) No opening results from impact at 48 inches drop height; as per 16 CFR 1201, Cat II.

2. Heat Resistance: No bubbles or other defects developed; as per ANSI Z97. 1-1984

B. Modular Assemblies: Unless otherwise indicated, provide attenuation equal to the thickness specified for the construction in which it is installed.

C. Materials and Lead thicknesses indicated are based on radiation protection design prepared by the owners health physicist.

1.6 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

A. National Bureau of Standards: Comply with the recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) Report No. 49 "Structural shielding Design and Evaluation for Medical use of X-Rays and Gamma Rays of Energies up to 10 MeV", as applicable to this Project.

1.7 SUBMITTALS FOR REVIEW

A. Related Section 01330: Submittal Procedures.

B. Product Data: Provide physical and environmental characteristics, size limitations, available colors and special handling or installation requirements.

C. Design illustration and or shop drawings of special components not presented in product data submittals.

D. Samples of lead glass and or lead core panels (standard size of samples are 4" X 4").

1.8 REFERENCES

A. ANSI Z97.1 - Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Tests for safety Glazing used in building interiors.

B. ASTM C1036 - Flat Glass. (Annealed)

C. ASTM C1172 - Laminated Architectural Safety Glass.

D. 16 - CFR-1201, Cat II - safety standard for architectural Glazing materials.

E. FS - DD-G-451, TYPE 1 - Polished Plate Glass.

  PART  2 - PRODUCTS

2.2 MATERIALS

A. Leaded Glass:

(1) LX - 57B: 7 mm thick, Lead-Barium type, minimum 60% Heavy Metal Oxide, 55% Lead Oxide, 87.8% light Transmission, Attenuation equal to 1.59 mm of lead from 60 to 150 kV.

(2) LX - 57B: 11 mm thick, Lead-Barium type, minimum 60% Heavy Metal Oxide, 55% Lead Oxide, 87.8% light Transmission, Attenuation equal to 2.5 mm of lead from 60 to 150 kV.

(3) LX - 57B: 14 mm thick, Lead-Barium type, minimum 60% Heavy Metal Oxide, 55% Lead Oxide, 87.8% light Transmission, Attenuation equal to 3.0 mm of lead from 60 to 200 kV.

B. Laminated Leaded Glass :

SAF-T-LITE ^TM / LX - 57B Shatter Resistant 11 mm Nominal thickness.

3 Ply Laminated Glazing consisting of : 7 mm Leaded Glass,

Interlayer of Polyvinyl / Tri-ethylene, and 3 mm Float Glass.

 C & D. Radiation Protection Shields and Modular Booths:

(1) Opaque panel: Plastic Laminate veneer, bonded plywood and lead core.

(2) Glazed Shields: Consist of Lead Glass and Opaque panel

(3) #204 Clear Anodized Aluminum Framing.

(4) Sheet and Strip Lead Lining :

Federal standard FS QQ-L-201, GRADE C or ASTM - B749

Alloy UNS Type L-51120 (Chemical Lead), thickness as required.

 2.3 MANUFACTURED UNITS

A. Modular Radiation Protection Booth / De-Mountable Shields / Portable Shields

(1) 5 Ply Panel Construction: Plastic Laminate veneer, bonded plywood sub-layer and Lead core.

(2) Framing: Clear Anodized, Extruded Aluminum mainframes, mullions, channels and coupler connections.

(3) Panel Lead lining: One continuous Lead sheet extending from top to bottom and edge to edge, bonded at the core of panels.

(4) Frame Lead lining: One continuous Lead strip extending from top to bottom and across the width; constructed either at the internal void of the mainframe, or layered below the upper surface of other framing.

(5) Glazing: SAF-T-LITE ^TM or LX-57B at 11 mm and 14 mm thick.

(6) Casters: 360 degree Swivel, 650 lb capacity. (Portable Only)

2.4 INFORMATIONAL SIGNS

A. Decals:

(1) Saf-T-Lite Radiation Protector ^TM Shield Decals are posted on-center of the top mainframe section of Shield and at the lower corner of the glazing when so equipped. Decals indicate Attenuation and Regulatory References.

  PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Examine substrates in the area to receive radiation protection to verify that existing conditions are suitable for installation. Do not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

B. Verify that openings for glass are correctly sized and within tolerance as required for installation.

C. Confirm that the dimensions in areas where shields or booths are to be installed will result in sufficient clearance for mobility following installation, and create no obstructions as set forth by building codes.

 3.2 INSTALLATION

A. Fixed Modular Shields and Booths:

(1) Verify that surfaces are clean, free from of obstruction, and compatible with the mounting procedure of the Radiation Shields.

(2) Determine the exact location for Modular unit or Booth to be placed.

(3) Secure mounting channels to surrounding construction.

(4) Set Radiation Protection Shield in place.

B. Portable Modular Radiation Shields:

(1) Verify that the area free from of obstruction, and that the floor is compatible with the mobility of the Portable Shields.

(2) Whenever assembly is required for Portable Shields, installer shall follow manufacturer instructions supplied exclusively by AMEROPE.

 3.3 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Testing: After Radiation / X-Ray equipment has been installed and operational, the Owner shall employ a health physicist to test for Radiation Protection.

B. Make corrections as required by Health Physicist.

C. If tests reveal defects in the radiation protection work, uncover and repair or replace including finishes and other work covering the defect.

D. Pay for corrections required to cover the defect and for additional testing by the radiation health physicist until further testing reveal full radiation protection compliance.

3.4 PROTECTION

A. Protect from impact or penetration, and maintain conditions that guarantee X-Ray protection is not exposed to other damage or deterioration at the time of substantial completion.

END OF SECTION

Information on Lead glass:

Lead-glass utilizes lead in the form of lead oxide into the glass during the manufacturing process. The lead-glass effectiveness for x-ray shielding increases the attenuation of ionizing photons emitted by x-ray equipment, because this property increases dramatically as the atomic number of the attenuating material increases. The attenuation of x-ray photons increases as the mass density of the attenuating material (lead glass) increases. Furthermore, the lead glass attenuation of such photons also increases dramatically as the energies of the ionizing photons decrease. Lead has a high atomic number, and its atomic mass that further increases the density of lead glass. X-rays used in medicine, specifically diagnostic x rays, often have lower energies on the ionizing radiation spectrum, which are easily shielded by leaded glass. The lead glass used in windows often contains lead that creates an attenuation to 1.8 to 3.2 mm of pure lead.